2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
  4. Pyruvate Kinase

Pyruvate Kinase

Pyruvate Kinase

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Pyruvate kinase is an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate and ADP to pyruvate and ATP in glycolysis and plays a role in regulating cell metabolism. There are four mammalian pyruvate kinase isoforms with unique tissue expression patterns and regulatory properties. Pyruvate kinase has four different tissue-specific isozymes in animals, PKL, PKR, PKM1, and PKM2. The L and R isozymes are expressed in the liver (L) and red blood cells (R), whereas PKM2 is expressed in early embryonic cells and other proliferating cells, and PKM1 is expressed in the brain, skeletal muscle, and heart which need high energy.

PKM1 and PKM2 are formed by a single mRNA transcript of the PKM gene by alternative splicing. The oligomers of PKM2 exist in high activity tetramer and low activity dimer forms. The dimer PKM2 regulates the rate-limiting step of glycolysis that shifts the glucose metabolism from the normal respiratory chain to lactate production in tumor cells. Besides its role as a metabolic regulator, it also acts as a protein kinase, which contributes to tumorigenesis. PKM2 serves as a promising target for cancer treatment.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-N0822
    Shikonin
    		Inhibitor 99.80%
    Shikonin is a major component of a Chinese herbal medicine named zicao. Shikonin is a potent TMEM16A chloride channel inhibitor with an IC50 of 6.5 μM. Shikonin is a specific pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) inhibitor and can also inhibit TNF-α and NF-κB pathway. Shikonin decreases exosome secretion through the inhibition of glycolysis. Shikonin inhibits AIM2 inflammasome activation.
    Shikonin
  • HY-18657
    TEPP-46
    		Activator 99.93%
    TEPP-46 (ML-265) is a potent and selective pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) activator with an AC50 of 92 nM, showing little or no effect on PKM1, PKL and PKR.
    TEPP-46
  • HY-103617
    PKM2-IN-1
    		Inhibitor 99.79%
    PKM2-IN-1 (compound 3k) is a pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) inhibitor with an IC50 of 2.95 μM.
    PKM2-IN-1
  • HY-B0404A
    Benserazide hydrochloride
    		Inhibitor 99.68%
    Benserazide hydrochloride (Serazide) is an aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) and L-DOPA decarboxylase inhibitor. Benserazide hydrochloride is also a PKM2 inhibitor. Benserazide hydrochloride directly binds to and blocks PKM2 enzyme activity, leading to inhibition of aerobic glycolysis concurrent up-regulation of OXPHOS. Benserazide hydrochloride can be used for the study of Parkinson's disease and melanoma.
    Benserazide hydrochloride
  • HY-19330
    DASA-58
    		Activator 99.57%
    DASA-58 is a potential pyruvate kinase isozyme (PKM2) allosteric activator. DASA-58 can be used for the research of metabolism and kinds of cancer.
    DASA-58
  • HY-W134163
    (E)-2-Octenal
    		Inhibitor 99.29%
    (E)-2-Octenal is an Antifungal agent. (E)-2-Octenal disrupts cell membrane integrity and causes ROS accumulation. (E)-2-Octenal decreases the activities of phosphofructokinase and pyruvate kinase. (E)-2-Octenal inhibits Neofusicoccum parvum growth by disrupting mitochondrial energy metabolism. (E)-2-Octenal suppresses the growth of a Prochloraz (HY-B0845)-resistant Penicillium italicum strain. (E)-2-octenal exerts a broad-spectrum and potent inhibitory effect on various fungi, including Sclerotium rolfsii, Metarhizium anisopliae sensu lato, and Aspergillus flavus, etc. (E)-2-Octenal can be used for the research of citrus blue mold and mango stem-end rot.
    (E)-2-Octenal
  • HY-179371
    LIQ1
    		Inhibitor
    LIQ1, a flavonoid derivative, is a potent Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) allosteric inhibitor (IC50 = 0.39 μM; Kd = 4.5 μM) targeting Arg43 within the polyarginine pocket. LIQ1 exhibits efficacy in a mouse model of LPS (HY-D1056)-induced endotoxemia, preventing the nuclear translocation of PKM2 and inhibiting its binding to HIF-1α, thereby suppressing IL-1β transcription. LIQ1 can be used for the research of endotoxemia[1].
    LIQ1
  • HY-183765
    PARP1/PKM2-IN-1
    		Inhibitor
    PARP1/PKM2-IN-1 is a dual PARP1/PKM2 inhibitor, with an IC50 of 39.5 nM against PARP1, and IC50 values of 261 nM (recombinant PKM2) and 50 nM (dimeric PKM2) against PKM2. PARP1/PKM2-IN-1 reduces the dimerization of PKM2 and decreases its nuclear accumulation level. PARP1/PKM2-IN-1 also selectively downregulates PKM2 mRNA and impairs poly (ADP-ribose)-mediated nuclear retention of PKM2. PARP1/PKM2-IN-1 exhibits antiproliferative activity and inhibits the formation of 3D cancer spheroids. PARP1/PKM2-IN-1 can be used in research related to mammary adenocarcinoma, triple-negative breast cancer, BRCA1-mutant triple-negative breast cancer, and prostate adenocarcinoma.
    PARP1/PKM2-IN-1
  • HY-12689
    Mitapivat
    		Activator 99.84%
    Mitapivat (AG-348) is an orally active pyruvate kinase allosteric activator. Mitapivat increases enzymatic activity, protein stability, and ATP levels over a broad range of PKLR genotypes, shows the potential to restore the activity of PK (pyruvate kinase)-deficient glycolytic pathways. Mitapivat can be used in study of PK deficiency.
    Mitapivat
  • HY-162080
    METTL1-WDR4-IN-1
    		Inhibitor 99.61%
    METTL1-WDR4-IN-1 (Compound 1) is a selective competitive inhibitor of the methyltransferase complex METTL1-WDR4 (IC50 = 144 μM). METTL1-WDR4-IN-1 inhibits the m7G methyltransferase activity of the METTL1-WDR4 complex, blocking m7G modification of PKM mRNA, reducing PKM2 protein expression, disrupting the METTL1/PKM2/H3K9la positive feedback loop, and simultaneously inhibiting PKM2 nuclear translocation-mediated CD155 transcriptional activation. METTL1-WDR4-IN-1 can inhibit tumor cell proliferation, weaken glycolytic metabolism, reverse tumor immune evasion (restoring NK cell and CD8+ T cell function), and regulate RNA epigenetic modification and the tumor immune microenvironment. METTL1-WDR4-IN-1 can be used in immunotherapy research for cancers such as colorectal cancer, and is particularly suitable for use in combination with PKM2 inhibitors to enhance anti-tumor treatment efficacy.
    METTL1-WDR4-IN-1
  • HY-N7108
    7-Hydroxyflavone
    		Inhibitor 99.89%
    7-Hydroxyflavone is a flavonoid isolated from Clerodendrum phlomidis, with anti-inflammatory activity. 7-Hydroxyflavone protects renal cells from nicotine (NIC)-associated cytotoxicity via the ERK/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. 7-Hydroxyflavone inhibits PKM2 with an IC50 of 2.12 μM. 7-Hydroxyflavone inhibits COX-2 and 5-LOX with IC50 of 27 µg/mL and 33 µg/mL. 7-Hydroxyflavone is orally active.
    7-Hydroxyflavone
  • HY-157913
    PKM2-IN-6
    		Inhibitor 99.95%
    PKM2-IN-6 (compound 7d) is a potent and orally active PKM2 inhibitor with an IC50 value of 23 nM. PKM2-IN-6 induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G2 phase. PKM2-IN-6 reduces the level of PKM1 and PKM2 at the mRNA level. PKM2-IN-6 shows anticancer activity and has the potential for the research of triple-negative breast cancer.
    PKM2-IN-6
  • HY-135884
    Tebapivat
    		Activator 99.66%
    Tebapivat (PKR activator 2) is a potent pyruvate kinase-R (PKR) activator extracted from patent WO2019035863A1, compound 385.
    Tebapivat
  • HY-147368
    PKM2 activator 2
    		Activator 99.38%
    PKM2 activator 2 (compound 28) is a pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) activitor with an AC50 value of 66 nM. PKM2 activator 2 can restore normal glycolytic metabolism in cells.
    PKM2 activator 2
  • HY-157395
    malonyl-NAC
    		Inhibitor 98.74%
    malonyl-NAC increases cellular propylation, resulting in reduced endogenous GAPDH activity. malonyl-NAC increases GAPDH malonylation in cells and inhibits pyruvate kinase activity. In addition, malonyl-NAC limits the metabolism and proliferation of a highly glycolytic kidney cancer cell line harboring a tricarboxylic acid cycle mutation.
    malonyl-NAC
  • HY-139573
    Etavopivat
    		Activator 99.91%
    Etavopivat is a potent, selective, and orally active erythrocyte pyruvate kinase (PKR) activator. Etavopivat has potent antisickling effects that can be used in studies of sickle cell disease and other haemoglobinopathies.
    Etavopivat
  • HY-167832
    PT109
    		Activator 99.20%
    PT109 is an orally active, blood-brain barrier permeable multi-kinase inhibitor. By inhibiting PTBP1, PT109 promotes the switch of pyruvate kinase isoform from PKM2 to PKM1, thereby effectively inhibiting the proliferation and migration of glioblastoma multiforme and inducing its reprogramming into oligodendrocytes. PT109 also targets and regulates key signaling molecules such as JNK, SGK1, GSK3β to exert neuroprotective effects including promoting neurogenesis, inducing synapse formation and alleviating neuroinflammation. In Alzheimer's disease models, PT109 exhibits significant efficacy in improving spatial learning ability, along with excellent in vivo pharmacokinetic properties. PT109 can be used to investigate metabolic reprogramming of glioblastoma multiforme and neuroprotective mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease.
    PT109
  • HY-161337
    PKL-IN-1
    		Inhibitor 99.29%
    PKL-IN-1 is a potent inhibitor of pyruvate kinase (PKL) with an IC50 of 0.07 μM. PKL-IN-1 can be used in the study of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
    PKL-IN-1
  • HY-139667
    PKM2-IN-3
    		Inhibitor 99.44%
    PKM2-IN-3 is an inhibitor of PKM2 kinase with an IC50 value of 4.1 μM. PKM2-IN-3 exhibits an anti-neuroinflammatory effect by inhibiting PKM2-mediated glycolysis and NLRP3 activation.
    PKM2-IN-3
  • HY-121275
    Benserazide
    		Inhibitor 98.43%
    Benserazide is an aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) and L-DOPA decarboxylase inhibitor. Benserazide is also a PKM2 inhibitor. Benserazide directly binds to and blocks PKM2 enzyme activity, leading to inhibition of aerobic glycolysis concurrent up-regulation of OXPHOS. Benserazide can be used for the study of Parkinson's disease and melanoma.
    Benserazide
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity